Eric Raymond's The Cathedral and the Bazaar (reviewed by Peter Salus in the January issue) is a fascinating book; I could hardly put it down. Some thirty years ago when I suggested at Boeing that software should be distributed in source-code form, the idea was hooted down and rejected out of hand. Eric's book documents the fundamental validity of that idea and records for us how it took root, and now provides the very direction of software development.
Much as I like Eric's book, it has side tones that could use a filter. A clue to the source is revealed, I think, on page 39 where Eric tells us that in 1992, his attempt to get some code merged into the Emacs Lisp library was rebuffed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). So Eric has kind of a sour-grapes attitude toward the FSF, and I think it has caused him to miss-read (sic) the real relationship of Richard Stallman's cathedral approach to Linus Torvalds' bazaar approach to software development. Eric tells us Linus' approach is “much healthier” and “the very opposite of cathedral-building”. But Eric is comparing an apple to an orange.
Linus released his kernel sources into a world brimming with youngsters who were absolute UNIX experts. Some of them probably knew more about UNIX bedrock than Linus did. Linus lifted them over a formidable obstacle. Intel's 386 was equipped with precisely the hardware UNIX requires, but it was kludged up to be backward-compatible all the way to day one, so the hoops you jump through to get it started are just a bit hairy. These UNIX experts created quite a different situation for Linus from what Richard Stallman had when he developed his C compiler or the Emacs editor. The UNIX world was not brimming with text editor experts, let alone compiler experts. It doesn't work to share development with people who know little about what you are trying to accomplish.
When Eric comments that “FSF was not the only game in town”, I think he unnecessarily gives short shrift to the work Stallman has contributed to the free software movement. The reality is, without Stallman's compiler and make director, not to mention Emacs and gdb, there might not be any game in town.
Software tools do come first, just as Bob Canup pointed out in these pages a few issues back. Toolmakers, such as Dennis Ritchie and Richard Stallman, have been awarded special status in the programming community, and rightly so. The real relationship of the cathedral to the bazaar is not antagonistic at all, but complementary. As the work of Dennis Ritchie stands in relation to that of Ken Thompson, so the work of Richard Stallman stands in relation to the work of Linus Torvalds. As a poet long ago summarized, they are “...useless each, without the other”. We need both the cathedral and the bazaar.
—Jack Dennon jdennon@seasurf.com
I look forward to Linux Journal every month. It is one of the few publications I take time to read completely. Please keep up the good work.
I have been following the thread of KDE vs. GNOME, Red Hat vs. others, etc. for the last few months. My personal opinion is that many of the advocates of particular desktops or distributions are to some degree missing the point. I do have my personal preferences, but I believe what is really needed is standardized file formats. That is, if I generate a “document” in Applixware or StarOffice or whatever, it must be readable by the other office suites. Also, enough design has to go into the file formats so that I do not have to purchase an updated version of the software every two years. This rationale applies to spreadsheets, presentation software, etc. It would greatly enhance the portability of documents between the various office suites and/or distributions (even other operating systems). The actual desktop (KDE, GNOME, etc.) would then be the preference of the individual using the system.
I know this may have the short-term effect of limiting some creativity, but it would be a solution to one of the problems created by the other popular OS. Just my two cents worth.
—Dave Underland dunder@earthlink.net
Loved the January cover! I watched the “Wallace and Gromit” special on the tube, and cracked up when I saw Feathers McGraw. A bit Tux-like, isn't he? I have also spied a very Tux-like fellow during reruns of “Reboot” on the Cartoon Network. This character pops up from time to time and casually strolls by. I wonder if the folks at Mainframe Entertainment are sending out a subliminal message?
World Domination!
—Patrick Murman pmurman@earthlink.net
“Distribution Watch” by Jason Kroll in “upFRONT”, January 2000, was a most enlightening article. However, the given URL appeared to be www.khaOS.org, while it's actually www.kha0S.org (note the O/0). The former URL, which I assumed was correct upon reading, directed me to “Diario El Mundo del siglo XXI”, which I was able to infer through my minimal knowledge of the Spanish language was not KhaOS's web site. Though I found the “Diario El Mundo del siglo XXI” most singularly intriguing, it would be appreciated if your URLs were a tad clearer.
—Auknight Colather auknight@postmark.net
Sorry about that. Depending on the font, a capital O and a zero can be difficult to distinguish —Editor
I really enjoyed your interview with Linus in the November issue of Linux Journal. How refreshing to read about a famous person who is normal and intelligent! I love the questions you chose to ask, as well as the cover title you chose—very humorous.
—Kimberly Guardino kimberly@zna.com
Lydia Kinata came up with the “Linus is Batman” cover. We like it too —Editor
I am writing to you to say thank you for the copies of Linux Journal you have sent to me. I am a researcher and computer programmer at the Higher Politechnical Institute J.A.E. of Havana (ISPJAE) and specialize in writing programs for industrial use (most in Delphi).
We are not familiar with UNIX systems, because these are not very common in this country. In my university, only a few people have installed Linux, and some communication servers run UNIX.
Most people have Windows 95, 98 or NT. In our country, it is easier to find an installation CD for Windows than one for Linux, and most available programs are for the Windows platform. Finally, at the universities and almost all over the country, no one has to register and pay for Windows (I do not know what will happen with this situation in the future). Therefore, people don't have to worry about cost, and Linux being freely available is not a factor in decision making.
Nevertheless, I have installed Linux (not without some hardware problems) on my computer and find it very nice and powerful.
Anyway, thank you again for the journals. They were very interesting.
—Melvin Ayalajre yes@ceis.ispjae.edu.cu