burn-in: One of the quality tests performed on electrical circuits in computer equipment during the manufacturing process. During the burn-in process, the temperature may be varied from below freezing to above 100 degrees Fahrenheit to test the circuits in a computer or its components while they are operating. In some tests, the input voltage may be varied.
latency: Delay between when a computer receives an address to which data is to be transferred and when it actually starts the transfer.
message-passing: Term related to distributed multiprocessing operating systems for communications between tasks.
MIMD: Multiple instructions, Multiple Data machine. Massive parallel processing architecture in which the processors work as a team, solving large problems by dividing them up. Each processor has its own memory. The number of processors in a MIMD system varies from 16 to 2000. Each processor manipulates different data independently.
parallel programming: Writing a program so that separate elements of it are executed at the same time. Concurrent C/C++ is an example of a language written for parallel programming.
PCI bus: Peripheral component interconnect bus. The local bus standard developed by Intel Corp. which allows the central processing unit to transfer data to 16 devices at 33MHz along a 32- or 64-bit pathway. This version is a separate bus isolated from the CPU.
RS-232: Standard for cable and 25-pin electrical connection between computers and peripheral devices using a serial binary data interchange. Used for slower communications, requiring speeds of no greater that 20Kbps, with a standard limit of 75 feet.
SIMD: Single instruction, multiple data. Massively parallel processing architecture with large numbers of processors working on a single problem but sharing distributed memory. SIMD computers have between 1000 and 16,400 processors.
virtual: Anything that appears to be other than what it actually is, e.g., virtual memory is the apparent expansion of the computer's memory by using disk space to store programs and data.